Exhaustion

Background: The epidemiological evidence on the interaction between heat and ambient air pollution on mortality is still inconsistent.

This article investigates the interaction between heat and ambient air pollution on daily mortality in a large dataset of 620 cities from 36 countries.

Background: Heat effects on respiratory mortality are known, mostly from time-series studies of city-wide data. A limited number of studies have been conducted at the national level or covering non-urban areas. Effect modification by area-level factors has not been extensively investigated. Our study assessed the heat effects on respiratory mortality at a small administrative area level in Norway, Germany, and England and Wales, in the warm period (May-September) within 1996-2018. Also, we examined possible effect modification by several area-level characteristics in the framework of the EU-Horizon2020 EXHAUSTION project.

Background: Short-term associations between heat and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have been examined mostly in large cities. However, different vulnerability and exposure levels may contribute to spatial heterogeneity. This study assessed heat effects on CVD mortality and potential vulnerability factors using data from three European countries, including urban and rural settings.

As the climate warms, increasing heat-related health risks are expected, and can be exacerbated by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. UHIs can also offer protection against cold weather, but a clear quantification of their impacts on human health across diverse cities and seasons is still being explored. Here we provide a 500 m resolution assessment of mortality risks associated with UHIs for 85 European cities in 2015-2017. The findings urge strategies aimed at designing healthier cities to consider the seasonality of UHI impacts and to account for social costs, their controlling factors, and intra-urban variability.

We used a risk matrix approach to develop heat-related hazard, impact, and risk maps.  We used satellite-derived land surface temperatures (MODIS LSTs) to cope with the need for a fine horizontal resolution for the climate index. We have defined the impact index as emergency (paramedic) interventions for daytime and nighttime, from the period June-August 2012-2017 (SMURD – Emergency Situation Inspectorate Bucuresti-Ilfov) and June-August 2018 (Service of Ambulance Bucuresti-Ilfov).

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In this study, we aim to gauge the impact of temperature fluctuations on productivity loss in Norway by examining the relationship between past temperature and sick leave. METHOD: We conducted our analysis using a panel dataset in the year 2018 for individual-location-specific daily temperatures and sick leave records from a national registry in Norway based on the Cohort of Norway (CONOR). RESULTS: Our findings suggest that temperature fluctuations had significant impacts on health and productivity, and these effects varied depending on the season and personal characteristics.

There is limited evidence of temporal changes in the association between air temperature and the risk of cause-specific cardiovascular [CVD] and respiratory [RD] mortality. We analysed a total of 3,159,292 non-accidental, 1,063,198 CVD and 183,027 RD deaths. We found evidence of rising population susceptibility to both heat- and cold-related CVD and RD mortality risk from 1993 to 2016. Climate change mitigation and targeted adaptation strategies might help to reduce the number of temperature-related deaths in the future.

Climate change can substantially affect temperature-related mortality and morbidity, especially under high greenhouse gas emission pathways. Achieving the Paris Agreement goals require not only drastic reductions in fossil fuel-based emissions but also land-use and land-cover changes (LULCC), such as reforestation and afforestation. LULCC has been mainly analysed in the context of land-based mitigation and food security. However, growing scientific evidence shows that LULCC can also substantially alter climate through biogeophysical effects.